LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

©lap ©oiigrig]^ 

Shelf." 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



POPULAR PUBLICATIONS^ 




Ritter's Book of !\^ock Trials. 

—An entirely novel idea. The 
trials are very amusing take-offs 
of actual scenes in court and daily 
life; containing sixteen complete 
J trials — adapted to performance by 
amateurs or professionals. 

Cloth '.. . .50 eta. 

Paper cover, Price 25 cts. 

Poems of Ceo. R. Sims, 

author of '*The Life Boat," Ostler Joe," '* Old Actor's 
Story," "Kate Maloney," "Christmas Day in the Work- 
house," ** Billy's Rose," etc. The poems of Mr. Sims are es- 
pecially adapted to Recitation. With portrait of the author. 
Complete. 325 pages, i vol. i2mo. Cloth, top gilt. 
Price , $1.50 

Wilson's Bail-Room Culde and Call-Book. 

— The most complete published, containing 
full and requisite information for the giv- 
ing of Receptions, Parties, Balls, etc., with 
clear directions for calling out the figures 
of every dance, together with thirty-eight 
pages of the latest and most fashionable 
copyright music, and containing nearly 
' one hundred figures for the "German." 
Bound in illuminated board cover, wiifl 

cloth back, Price 75 cts. 

Bound in illuminated paper cover, Price sects. 

Carpenter's Manual. 

—Instructs in the use of tools and the 
various operations of the trade, includ- 
ing drawing for carpenters, forms of 
contracts, specifications, etc., with 
plain instructions for beginners, and 
full glossary of terms used in the 
trade. Also gives plans and specifi- 
cations for building a number of frame 
houses. Illustrated. 
Price ^ . 50 cli 





MANUAL 

OF 

iNSTRUCTION 

IK THE USE OF 

Dumb Bell 




INDIAN CLUBS 



AND OTHER EXERCISES. 



BY 



M. BORNSTEIK 



NOV 18188?,' 

3 3 r ^ i '-V 



KEW YOEK : 
EXCELSIOE PUBLISHIXG HOUSE, 



COPYBIGHT, 1889, 
BY 

EXCELSIOR PUBLISHING HOUSE. 



PREFACE, 



In presenting this little volume, I do 
not profess to say that I am its sole au- 
thor, for I have too much respect for those 
writers who are older and wiser than I 
am, as not to adopt some of their maxims 
and profit by their long experience. I 
may humbly say, however, that I have 
made every effort to gather from the very 
best authorities and bring together in 
convenient form such information and 
substance, which I hope will go to make 
this a book acceptable for the purpose for 
which it is intended. 

M. BORNSTEIN. 



Payne's 

encyclopedia 




Business Educator.— An 

of the knowledge necessary to 
I the conduct of business. Among 
I the contents are: An Epitome 
I of the Laws of the various 
I States of the Union, alphabetically 
I arranged for ready reference ; 
] Model Business Letters and An- 
jswers; Lessons in Penmanship; 
1 Interest Tables ; Rules of order for 
j Deliberative Assemblies and Debat- 
ling Societies; Tables of Weights 
and Measures, Standard and the 
Metric System ; Lessons in Type- 
writing; Local Forms for all Instruments used in 
Ordinary Business, such as Leases, Assignments, 
Contracts, etc= etc. ; Dictionary of Mercantile 
terms ; Interest Law^s of the United States ; Official, 
Military, Scholastic, Naval, and Professional Titles 
used in tJ. S. ; How to Measure Land ; Value of For- 
eign Gold and Silver Coins in the United States; Edu- 
cational Statistics of the World ; List of Abbre- 
viations; Latin, French, Spanish and Italian 
Words and Phrases ; Rules of Punctuation ; Marks 
of Accent ; Dictionary of Synonyms ; Copyright 
Law of the United States, etc., etc., making in all 
the most complete self-educator published, con- 
taining 600 pages, bound in extra cloth. Price, $2.00. 

Sprechen Sie DeutschI 

German at a Glance. 

A new system on the most simple principles, 
lor universal self-tuition, with English pronuncil 
ation of every word. By this system any person 
can become proficient in the German languao-e 
in a very short time. It is the most complete 
and easy method ever published. By Franz Thimm. 
(Revised edition.) 

Bound in boards, cloth back rts 

Paper cover. Price -...'*'".'.'"* '.25 cts." 

Payne's Business Letter Writer and 
Manual of Commer- 
cial Forms. — Containing 
specimen Letters on all possible 
business topics, with appropriate 
answers. Containing general in- 
formation with regard to busi- 
ness matters, the rules for punc- 
tuation, the abbreviations*imost 
used in the mercantile world, a 
dictionar}^ of mercantile terrns, a 
table of synonyms, and other in- 
formation which may be of value 
New edition, revised and en 
Boards, 50 cts" 




to the business man, 
larged. 216 pages, extra cloth, 75 cts. 



CONTENTS. 



Preface. 

Introduction . . . . . ' . 7 

To the Ladies 12 

Children . 14 

General Instructions . . . 16 

Clothing . . , , ■ . . 16 

Time of Exercising . . . 16 

Weight of Bells . . . .16 

Position 17 

Caution . . . . . .17 

Dumb Bell Exercises .... 20 

First Position ..... 22 

Heavy Dumb Bell Lifting . . 40 

Indian Club Exercises . . . . 43 

A Word to Beginners ... 44 
Position in Club Swinging ... 46 

The Trapeze . • . . . 70 

Suspended Rings . . . . .78 

The GYiyiNASimi 88 

Rules and Regulations . . .93 

Apparatus Required c . . 95 



Quoits 98 

Archery 104 

The Bow 105 

How to Choose a Bow . . . 106 
How to Preserve the Bow . . .108 

The Arrow 109 

How to Choose the Arrow . . .110 
The Bow Strhig . . . . Ill 
The Belt and Pouch . . . .112 
The Grease Box . . . . 113 

The Tassel 114 

The Bracer 114 

The Shooting Glove . . . .114 

The Quiver 115 

The Target 116 

General Instructions . . . 117 
Stringing the Bow . . . .118 
Position of the Archer . . . 119 
Nocking^ Drawing and Loosing . . 121 
Muscular Training ... 125 

Striking Bag Exercise . . . .121 



TTMB BELLS and Indian club exercises 



most universal methods of developing the 
muscular anatomy of the human body. Schools, 
colleges, and even theological seminaries have 
adopted their use in their respective institutions 
with the most beneficial results. For keeping 
the body in a healthy and vigorous condition there 
has as yet been nothing invented, which for its 
simplicity and gracefulness can be favorably com- 
pared with the Indian club exercise. 

Dumbbells (of which I shall speak more in de- 
tail hereafter), is and always has been recognized 
as one of the best and oldest mediums of physi- 
cal culture, and before the introduction of Indian 
clubs they were used almost exclusively. True, 
the exercise with dumb bells admits of less varia- 
tions and. therefore, is more monotonous than 'the 
swinging of Indian clubs; but for developing thelo- 




have of late years become one of the 



cal muscles of the body, such as the arms, chest, 

etc, dumb bells are far more preferable. However 
where the general building up of the muscles and 
sinews of the entire bodj' is requisitOj the medi- 
cal profession unite with me in recommending 
club exercise, as they bring all parts of the body 
into play proportionately. 

My experience of many years, which has 
brought me in contact with the most prominent 
gymnasts and athletes of the country, warrants 
me to distinctly state that there is no exercise so 
desirable or so attractive to the debilitated or so 
positive in its results than the handUng of Indian 
clubs. Particularly is this the case for those 
who are wanting in vitality and whose constitu- 
tions are impaired by the sluggish circulation of 
the blood. I may conscientiously say. a few 
moment's exercise with a hght pair of clubs will 
accompUsh more than all the medicines and tonics 
in the world ; and if I were asked what, in my 
humble opinion, constitutes the true secret of good 
health, I should frankly answer. Total absti- 
nence from all stimulants, moderation in all things, 
and plenty of good exercise. 



Look, for instance, at such men as Professor 
Miller, our modern Hercules, the gladiator of tlie 
present age, whose towering form and manly flg« 
ure are sufficient evidence of his ruddy health 
and tremendous power and strength. Professor 
Laflan, another example, justly termed the 

Champion Club Swinger of the World,*' is a 
perfect Adonis of physical beauty and a model 
of what may be called a perfectly formed man, 
whose every outline is correct in symmetrical 
perfection. Both these gentlemen attribute their 
great strength to constant bodily exercise and 
the use of clubs and dumb bells in their younger 
days. 

If the youths of the present day would make it 
an imperative duty to take some manner or form 
of exercise every day, say either running, jump- 
ing or a turn on the trapeze or a pair of suspend- 
ed rings, or join some reputable gymnasium, 
they would not grow up to be dyspeptic and puny- 
looking young men. 

IVIr. Blakie, in his charmingly written book on 
Gymnastic Exercises, in speaking of the rising 
generation of the United States, says : — ^^Amer- 



lean boys, as a rule, lanky and half-built, com- 
pare unfavorably with the lads of the same age 
in England or Germany. This is from a want 
of proper instruction and guidance in their phys- 
ical welfare, and much stress is laid on the es- 
sential importance in having in our large schools 
and colleges properly constructed gymnasiums 
and qualified teachers and instructors who are 
educated gentlemen — such as Prof. Maclaren and 
Dr. Sargent — and not men who profess to be cap- 
able to instruct in the gymnasium — but are bettei 
qualified to be janitors.'' 

The author approves strongly of the use of dumb 
bells and Indian clubs ; he dwells with especial 
force upon the value and feasibihty of exercise at 
home, and shows us that the means of bringing 
out the dormant muscles are within the reach of 
the poorest man. I contend, therefore, that the 
cultivation of the body is as essential to the phys- 
ical development as the cultivation of the mind ; 
and I regret to say that many of our most pro- 
found scholars pay too little attention to their 
physical condition, their outward appearance 
contrasting strangely with their mental develop- 



— 11-- 



ment. If they would only practice the handling 
of dumb bells or Indian clubs a few hours each 
day so as to develop and strengthen their muscles, 
the result would be apparent not only in their 
stronger and healthier constitutions physically, 
but their mental powers would be . improved 
correspondingly. 

To men of sedentary habits, whose vocation 
confines them a great deal in their offices and 
counting-houses, I would saj^, that the laws 
of nature cannot be slighted with impunity. 
Turn away from your brain work, if but for sixty 
seconds at a time, to some vigorous exercise, and 
you may rest assured that you will go back to 
your work refreshed and invigorated, your power 
and energy will increase, and you will be amply 
repaid for the extra effort and the trifling loss of 
time. 



— 12— 



now a word to the ladies. Exercise for 



woman is as essential as it is for man. It is an 



{Jj^^ indisputable fact tliat a system of light exer- 
cise gives precision and action to the muscles, it will 
not only give strength but add greatly to the 
natui^al gracefulness in women ; and if with a light 
pair of clubs or wooden dumb bells (weighing about 
3 lbs.) they would go through a routine of exer- 
cises for fifteen minutes in the morning and at 
night before retiring, they would greatly enhance 
their bodily strength ; and after practicing for a 
few months, their chests will begin to expand 
and their- arms become plump and muscular. 
And what lady would not be proud of a well 
developed form, a beautifully-shaped arm, a 
high chest and an erect carriage ? Of course, 
there are numerous other exercises that wouia 
be appropriate for women, but their mode of 
dressing would preclude it. The clothing must 
be roomy and not confining. 




Walking as an exercise for women eannot be too 
highly recommended; not a listless or lazy lounge, 
but a good, brisk walk for an hour in the morn- 
ing; it gives a vital tone to the system, causes 
the blood to circulate, imparts a rosy hue to the 
cheeks and has a tendency to give health and 
strength to the whole body. 



— 14 — 

T is as natural for children to exercise and plaj 
as to breathe, and, when unrestrained, nearly 
all children are distinguished for their restless 
activity ; nature bids them exercise and they 
obey its mandate, often in spite of ignorant 
parents, nurses and teachers, who from the want 
of a better knowledge of the laws of health, en- 
deavor to suppress the natural inclinations of the 
child. If parents would inoculate in the minds 
of their offspring and impress upon their own 
the absolute necessity of a course of muscular 
training at stated times, they not only would 
confer an everlasting blessing on their children, 
but their hearts would be gladdened by seeing 
them exuberant in spirits and in glowing health 
and strength. 

However, there is one thing I desire to impress 
upon you, that in your arrangements on this 
point these exercises should not be taken from 
what is called play time, nothing should to 
taken from play time, and nothing be introdur''*^ 




— 15 — 



at play time but play. These exercises ought to 
be adapted to circumstances and regarded as 
studies, and inoculated into the children's habits 
and mode of life so that they may retain the 
inclination for muscular exercises throughout life. 
It will not only occupy their attention and di- 
vert their mind from vicious inclinations, but it 
will lay the foundation to a strong muscular 
frame, which will enable them to resist fatigue 
and exposure in after life more successfully than 
if they had been brought up to study in close con- 
finement of the house and without exercising 
their muscles. 



GENERAL INSTEUCTI0N8 

To be Observed While Exercising. 

CLOTHING. 

The clothing should be loose and roomy, and 
the arms free. Move without restraint and allow 
a full expansion of the chest* 



TIME OF EXERCISING. 

Fifteen or twenty minutes daily, just after the 
toilet and previous to retiring, are the best time 
for exercising, but if circumstances will permit 
exercise during the day whenever the opportunity 
presents itself, so much the better. 



WEIGHT OF BELLS. 

In regard to the proper weight of bells there 
is a conflict of cfpinion and ideas; some reoom- 



— IT— 

mend light and others heavy bells. In my judg- 
ment I most emphatically advocate the use of 
what are termed medium sizes (say from 5 to 10 
pounds each), adapting the weight to the ability 
of the person to handle them. Muscular men who 
wish to increase their strength, a heavy bell is 
more desirable, as they naturally look to . some- 
thing more substantial than a slender or weak 
person would. 

o 

POSITION. 

Stand erect, chest thrown well out ; inhale a 
long breath, so as to expand the lungs : place the 
heels together in most of the exercises, and make 
every effort to go through the movements as 
gracefully as possible. 





CAUTION, 

Great care should be taken when exercising 
with clubs or bells that the movemerats be not 



— 18 — 



made violent or sudden^ as they are apt to strain 
the muscles. If the fatigue is too great after 
handling them, rest for a while. ^ ^ A little at a 
time and often " should be the motto to follow in 
all athletic exercises. 




TMB BELLS, without doubt, as a means 
of physical culture, are considered equal 
to, if not superior to any article of gym- 
nastic apparatus. Any man, woman or child with 
the least ingenuity can exercise every muscle and 
joint of the body in a very short space of time. 
Dumb bells are available at all seasons and at 
any time or place. They have also the advantage 
of being compact and portable, occupying but 
little space either in or out of use. 

As a general rule dumb bells are made of cast 
iron, but are sometimes turned from wood of a 
heavy nature, such as maple, birch, oak, &c. 
The best are made of rosewood or lignum vitse. 
Wooden dumb bells are particulary adapted 




— 21 — 

for ladies and children, and are used in all calis- 
thenic or light exercises; and when used in schools 
in classes with a systematic series of evolutions, 
are very healthful and attractive. 

Heavy dumb bells are of little practical value 
and accom^plish hardly anything in the way of 
exercise, affording but a few movements that 
serve as a test of strength and ability to lift heavy 
weights. When using heavy dumb bells for this 
purpose, they should be handled with great cau- 
tion and both arms used alternately, so as to 
avoid a one sided development. 



— 22— 



FIRST POSITION. 



(Fig, 1.) — Grasp the bells firmly in each 
hand, palms turned inward, holding them 
close to the body and at arm's length, stand in an 
erect position, feet shghtly apart, the body well 
braced, inhale the breath frequently, be elastic in 
your movements, and go through the exercises 
with animation and spirit. 




rig. 1.— First Position. 



—24— 



FIRST MOVEMENT. 



(Mg. 2.)— Hold the dumb bells well in 
front of the chest, elevate them above your 
head as far as the arms can reach, then vary 
this by raising one after the other. Repeat the 
same, always returning to the original position. 




Fig. 2.— Fiiist Movement. 



— 26— 



SECOND MOVEMENT, 

(Fig. 3.)— Let the arms hang loosely by 
the sides, palms turned in; raise and lower 
the bells under the arm pits as often as possible, 
without becoming tiresome. This movement is 
an excellent one for the arms and wrists. 




Fig. 3. — Second Movement. 



THIRD MOVEMENT. 





(Fig. 4.) — Take a position as if you were 
about to box with a friend ; stand firmly and 
strike out boldly with the arms, one after the other, 
without any unnecessary violence. This is also 
an excellent movement, as it sets the blood cour- 
sing through the veins and prevents that sluggish- 
ness which arises from inactivity. 



^ig. 4.— Third Movement. 



•80— 



FOURTH MOVEMENT. 

O 

(Fig/ 5.)— Stand as straight as possible, 
bring the bells even with the chest, inhale 
a long breath and retain it as long as you 
can ; strike out the arms forward and backward, 
as if you were making an effort to make the 
elbows meet at the back. This is a first rate 
movement for the expansion of the lungs. 




Fig. 5.— Fourth MoTemeixt. 



— 32 — 



FIFTH MOVEMENT. 



(Fig. 6.) — Stretch out the arms from the 
shoulders in front of you ; place the bells to- 
gether, swing them back in a parallel line as far 
as you possibly can, just as if you were trying to 
strike them together at the back, but endeavor to 
keep the arms in aline with the shoulders. With 
a little perseverance you will be able in a short 
time to make them meet at the back equally as 
well as in front. This movement is an excellent 
chest expander. 




Pig. 6. —Fifth MoYement. 



SIXTH MOVEMENT. 





(Fig. 7.)— Place the bells on the floor 
between jour feet, which must be apart, raise 
the bells from the floor at arm's length above your 
head and bend backward as far as possible with 
the bells elevated ; keep the arms stiff. This is 
a useful movement to straighten the back and 
shoulders. 




Fig, 7,— Sixth Movemejat. 



^86 — 



SEVENTH MOVEMENT. 



(Fig. 8.) — Hold the arms loosely at the sides, 
palms turned in, raise the arms straightened 
out slowly, until the bells touch over the 
head ; repeat this several times. This is a 
diflScult movement and is considered a good test 
of strength and very trying to the muscles^ 




Fig. S.—Seventh Movement. 



EIGHTH MOVEMENT. 

— 

(Fig. 9.)— Let the arms hang loosely at 
the sides ; swing them out one after the other, 
like the pendulum of a clock, backward and 
forward, as high as you can. This is an 
excellent movement for sthrengthening the shoul- 
der joints. 




Fig. 9.— Eighth Movement 



— 40 — 



a— 

(Fig. 1.)— The lifting of heavy dumb bells 
should not be attempted without a previous 
thorough course of training in a gymnasium or a 
long experience in handling dumb bells. 

There is no special method of raismg them, the 
object to be attained is simply to raise a heavy 
dumb bell, weighing from fifty pounds to one 
hundred and fifty pounds, fi^om the ground, at 
arm's length above the head. It is usually ac. 
complished by raising the bell from the ground 
to the hips, bending the elbow, and raising it to 
the shoulder, resting for an instant, then forcing 
it up slowly, far above the head at arm's length. 



Fig. l.~ Heavy Dumb Bell Lifting 



INDIAN CLUB EXERCISES. 

A WORD TO BEGINNERS. 




, EGINNERS should be cautions not to com- 
mence with heavy clubs. A pair of light 
ones is best adapted for the commence- 
ment, bearing in mind that by perseverance and 
increasing strength you will be able to swing 
heavier ones with ease in due time. Learners 
ought to avoid striking the clubs together, grasp 
the handles properly, as a carelessrfess in this 
respect will prevent the attainment of a graceful 
style of swinging as well as avoid all danger. 

Commence by learning to exercise thoroughly 
with one club at a time, as all double motions are 
but a combination of movements with both clubs. 



In regard to the proper weight of clubs for be- 

ginnerSj it depends, to a certain extent, upon 
their condition and strength. To the majority of 
beginners, who have not gone through a previous 
course of training, I would suggest that a pair 
of clubs, weighing from five to ten pounds each, 
is of a sufficient weight to start with. It is 
better to use a pair that can be easily managed 
at first, than a pair that would exhaust you after 
a short while, for it is the continuous exercise from 
which the most benefit is derived, and as the 
strength increases, a heavier pair may be sub- 
stituted. 



POSITIOf^IN CLOB SWINGlf . 

(Fig. 1.) — The position in exercising with clubs 
should be erect, chest thrown out, body well 
braced, with feet slightly apart, grasping the 
handle of the clubs close to the ball, giving full 
play to the wrists, and endeavoring to attain an 
easy and graceful style. 



Fig. 1. — First Position. 



—48— 



fiiif iiiiom 



(Fig, 3.) — This motion is the foundation of a 

great many, and occurs in most of the movements. 
It is advisable to practice it thoroughly first with 
one hand and then with the other. 

Begin in resting the left club by the side, elevate 
the right hand until it reaches a little above the 
head, then dropping the club and allowing it to 
describe a circle at the back. When you start the 
circle give the club a twirl, and the momentum 
of its weight will carry it around ; at the com- 
pletion of the circle, give the wrists a twirl and 
bring it over the shoulder, resuming the jQrst 
position and bring the clubs in fi:'ont of the breast. 
Practice with the right and left arm alternately 
unta you become proficient. 




Fig. 2. — First Exercisa. 



—50 — 



mm ' iiiioiei. 



(Fig. 3.)— Extend the club to arm's length 
straight above the head, swing the club to 
the left parallel with the breast ; describe a 
circle in front, the right shoulder being the cen- 
tre, giving the club a twirl as before ; when the 
circle is completed and the club is placed where 
it first started, drop the club to the left, allowing 
it to fall to the back, and describe the circle 
behind, same as in first exercise. Repeat 
this continuously, and it will form, when executed 
with both clubs, a wreath within a wreath, and 
^ produces a beautiful effect. 




Pig. 3.— Second Exercise. 



— 52 — 

mm imQiji. 

(Fig. 4.) — This movement, as well as the pre- 
vious one, had better be practiced with one club 
at a time. Begin by elevating the hand until it 
reaches above the centre of the head, inclining 
the club slightly to the left, keeping it parallel 
with the breast, the hand changing at the same 
time from the top of the head to the back of the 
neck, describing a circle, same as in first exercise; 
when the clnb reaches a point opposite your right 
leg, twist your wrist suddenly, moving your el- 
bow to the front, raising your club toward the 
right ear, then extend the club at arm's length to 
the right, allowing the club to drop toward the 
floor, then throw the club out parallel to the ex- 
tent of the arms, swing it in a circle to the left in 
front of the body, and when it reaches the left 
shoulder, bring the club to the position above the 
head and repeat the first exercise in connection 
with the above. 




Fig, 4u — ^Tliird Exercise- 



— 54 — 

f Of If 1 illlOIil. 



(Fig. 5.) — This is an extension movement for 
two clubs. Bring the clubs well up in front of 
the breast, palms turned inward, elevate them 
over the head, throwing them backward, making 
the hands sink well down back of the neck as 
far as you can to the extent of the arms, curving 
the body backward. Repeat this four or five 
times in succession. This is an excellent move- 
ment for the spine. 



Fig. 5.— Fourth Exercise. 



— 56 — 



mm imoisia 



(Fig. 6.) — Extend the arms outwardly in front 
of the breast as far as possible, arms crossed, 
palms turned outward, raise the clubs slowly to 
arm's length, letting the clubs hang over the shoul- 
der, always keeping the clubs perpendicular. As 
this is a simple and light extension movement, 
repeat it a number of times. It is particularly 
beneficial in strengthening the wrists. - 



Pig. 6.— Fifth Exereise. 



— 58 — 




(Fig. 7.) — This movement is for both clubs and 
is very pretty. Commence with the right hand 
same as in first exercise, allowing the left hand 
to follow quickly, keeping up the circle con- 
tinuously, alternating the motions with the right 
hand, without bringing the hands up in front of 
the breast at the end of each circle. 




Fig. 7.— Sixth Exercise. 



— 60 — 



o 

(Fig. 8.) — ^This movement is also for both clubs, 

and as there is a danger of striking the clubs 
together, great care must be taken m keeping 
them apart ; start with the movement as in first 
exercise with the right club, performing the latter 
part of the motion with the left club, and as one 
club has the start of the other, it forms a pretty 
combination. 




Fig. 8.— Seventh Exercise. 



— 62— 



llilfl lliiOISl. 

• 

(Fig. 9.) — Commence with both hands together, 
same as in the third exercise, keeping both clubs 
in motion continuously, extending the left arm to 
the left, bringing both clubs parallel for an instant, 
then allowing the left hand club to drop toward 
the floor, describe a circle in front of the body, 
and when it reaches the left shoulder, combine it 
With the motion as in first exercise. 




I'ig. 9.-Eiglitli Exercise. 



— 64 — 



iiif 1 wmmmi. 



(Pig. 10.) — This is a fine combination move- 
ment. Each hand performs a distinct motion 
by itself a.nd is quite difficult ; start both clubs at 
the same time (commencing as in first exercise), 
with the right hand, with the left hand execute 
the movement as explained in the second exer- 
cise, moving the clubs to the left ; reverse the 
motion with the right and left arm, by making 
the clubs revolve to the right. 




Tig* 10.— Ninth Exercise. 



— 66 — 

mm iiiioisi 

0- 

(Fig. 11.) — This is an exercise for a single 
club only. Use a club as heavy as you can, 
say twice the weight of those you would use 
in pairs ; hold the club up in front of the breast, 
same as in first position, bring the club upward 
and over the shoulder as far back as you can, 
then carry it upward and forward to arm's length, 
and then backward with force as if you were wield- 
ing a cutlass. Repeat this movement as often 
as you can^ as it is an excellent one. 



Fig. 11. — Tenth Exercise. 



HERE are innumerable other exercises 
with the Indian Clubs, but they are to 
i complicated and difficult to explain here. 
It is advisable at first to have some person, who 
is qualified, to instruct you in a few of the intro- 
ductory movements ; although, when you have 
become accustomed to handle them a short time, 
you may yourself with a little knack and inge- 
nuity, produce a great number of very pretty and 
graceful combinations. But like all other studies 
and accomplishments it requires a continuous 
and persistent practice to enable you to execute 
the movements with grace and skill. 




THE TRAPEZE. 




^HE trapeze is, no doubt, one of the most use- 
ful apparatus of its kind and admits of in- 
numerable and attractive exercises, and 
ranks with the best from its artistic character 
and the facility it possesses of testing and increas- 
ing the power of the trunk and upper limbs. 
These exercises are attractive to beginners and 
may be practiced indefinitely, modifying them 
until perfection is attained. 

The Trapeze Bar should be 2 feet 6 inches 
in length, inches tliick, made of good, straight, 
grained hickory, and should be suspended in such 
a manner as to be within reach at a slight spring 
from the floor. 



EXERCISES OX THE TRAPEZE. 



TO RAISE OX THE BAE. 

Exercise No — (Fig. 1.)— Raise bothhands 
and grasp the bar, keeping the hands apart, toes 
pomted downward, bend the arms until the 
breast is level with the bar, press strongly with 




(I^ig- !•) (Fig. 2.) 



both hands at once on it and rise above it, com- 
pleting the extension of the arms /Fig. 2) and 
coming to an upright position resting on the bar. 



TO TURN ON THE BAR FOKWAED. 



0— 

Exercise No. 2.— (Fig. 8.)— Grasp the bar, 
hands at a distance, extend the lower limbs to 
the front, at the same time lowering the body to 
the full length of the arms, the legs together and 



(Fig. 3.) (Fig. 4.) (Fig. 5.) 




straight, toes pointed to the front, lift the feet, 
lower the body, the arms perfectly straight until 
the feet are as high as the bar. (Fig. 4.^ bend 



the arms and at the same time elevate the body 
until the waist is as high as the bar, pass the 
lower limbs over the bar, the trunk following, re- 
volve on the waist, straighten the arms and rest 
on the bar (Fig. 5). 



TO THEN ON THE BAE BACKWAEJ). 
— - 

Exercise No. 3.— (Fig. 6.)— Raise as in the 




(Fig. 6.) ;^"ig.T.> 

previous exercise, pass the feet under the bar 



between the hands, and by a eontinnous move- 
ment bend the back inward and extend the legs 
upward, bending the arms until the waist is aa 
high as the bar. Let the loAver half of the body 
fall slowly to the front (Fig. Y), and as it descends 
let the upper half slowly down, the back touching 
the bar, then drop to the floor. 



TO TURN MDER THE BAR. 

Exercise No. 4.— (Fig. 8.)— Raise, as in pre- 
vious exercise, until the feet are as high as the 
bar, pass the feet under the 
bar between the hands, and 
let them descend close to the 
ground without touching it, 
remain suspended for a few 
moments then reverse the 
movement and come to the 
original position. 

(Fig. 8.) 




TO TUliN UNDER THE BAR MTH ONE HAND. 


Exercise No. 6.— (Fig. 9.)— Raise and 
turn under the bar as in 
previous exercise, and when 
the feet descend close to the 
ground fold the legs close to 
the body, let go the left hand 
and swing around on the right 
arm, making a complete turn, 
and come again to the front. 
Perform this exercise also with 
(Fig. 9.) the left arm. 





SUSPENDED RINGS. 




'HIS apparatus is similar in character to 
the Trapeze, giving a wide scope for exer- 
cising, passing from the simple to the most 
complicated evolutions. As in the trapeze exer- 
cise, they confine themselves mostly to the trunk 
and upper part of the body, and are excellent for 
straightening the spine. Where there is an inclina- 
tion to be round shouldered, this exercise is 
invaluable. 

Rings for exercising should be 5 inches in 
diameter, and it is advisable to cover them with 
leather, as it makes them more agreeable to 
handle in winter. The rings should be fixed 18 
inches apart, and should be suspended at the 
height of 5 feet 6 inches from the floor. 



EXEEOISES OX THE KiJ^Ga 



TO RAISE AM) TURN ON THE RINGS. 

Exercise No. 1.— (Fig. 1.)— Grasp the rings, 
one in each hand, let the body drop arm's length 



(Fig. 1.) (Fig 2.) (Fig 3.) 




and pass both feet to the front, the legs together 
and straight; the feet touching aiid the toes 



straight out. (Fig. 2.) — Lift both feet from the 
ground and pass them between the rmgs, arms 
and legs straight throughout, then complete 
(Fig. 3) by relinquishing the grasp and dropping 
on the feet to the floor. 



TO TURN UNDER THE RINGS. 



Exercise No. 2.— (Fig. 4.) 

Grasp the rings, one in each 
hand, same as in first exercise 
(the feet between the rings), 
separate the feet right and left, 
and insert each in its respective 
ring, curve the body and then 
remove the feet from the rings 
and resume original position. 




-^81 — 



TO RAISE ON THE RINGS MTH ONE ARM, 




Exercise No. 3.— (Fig. 5.) 
Bend the body until the 
arms are at rest, raise the 
lower limbs (same as in first 
exercise); sustain the body 
on the left hand (retaining 
it close to the sides, extend 



(Fig. 5.) ^-^Q pig]2t arm, holding the 

ring at full length of the arm, pause and return 
the right arm to the side, repeat the extension 
with the left arm, then lower the body and quit 
the grasp. 



TO RAISE ABOVE THE RLNGS. 



-o- 



(Fig. 6.) 



Exercise No. 4.— (Fig. 6.)— Bend the 
arms until the hands are at rest, raise 
the lower Jimbs in position, press 
strongly on the rings with the palms 
of the hand, straighten both arms 
completely above the rings, head erect, 
chest thrown out, legs straight 
together and the toes pointed to the 
ground, descend in same rotation, and 
let go the rings. 



TO LOWER HORIZOXTALLY UXDER THE RINGS. 


Exercise No. 5.— (Fig. 7.)— Grasp the rings, 
lift both feet from the ground, same as in Fig. 
2, extend them to the rear, until the trunk 



— 83- 




(Fig. 7.) 



and lower limbs form a perfectly horizontal line, 
resume original position and drop to the ground. 



TO RISE ABO^^ THE RIXGS mTICALLY. 



Exercise No. 6.— (Fig. 8.)— Sustain the body 
as in exercise Xo. 3. Press strongly with the 
hands on both rings, and raise the body so that 
the arms are vertical, then raise above the rings 




(Fig. 8.) 



with the body to the full extension of the arms, 
lower and raise slowly without pausing ; repeat 
this often but slowly, and then come to the orig- 
inal position. 



TO RAISE ABOVE THE RINGS BACKWARD. 
— - 

Exercise No. 7,— (Fig. 9.)— Lift both feeo 
from the ground and pass them between the rings 
and at the same time rapidly bend the arms, 



— 85" 

raising the body between 
the ringS; until the hands 
are close to the sides, press 
with the forearms yertically 
above the rings, straighten 
the arms, and complete a 
Fig. 9. circle with the lower limbs, 

then lower the body as in Fig. 8 and come to 
the ground. 




HERE are numerous other exercises onthe 
rings and trapeze which cannot be ex- 
plained very well here, they being to 
complicated, but you will by a little practice 
acquire them as you progress ; however, there is 
one thing that must be borne in mind in these 
exercises, the body must not be encumbered with 
any unnecessary clothing, as it obstructs the free 
action of the limbs. 




THE GYMNASIUM, 



ITS REQUIREMENTS AUD CONSTRUCTION. 


X the cultivation of the bodily powers it is 
quite necessary that the instruction should 
be progressive, that is to say, to-day's 
lesson should, as it were, be taken up to-morrow 
and carried a little further, and the next day a 
little further still, and so on to the end of the 
course. 

When thus administered, each lesson is in ac- 
cord with that which preceded it and with that 
which is to follow. Each aiding each, each im- 
proving that which has gone before, each pre- 
paring the way for that wliich is to come. But 
this can, of course, only be done where provision 
is made for a regular and consecutive instruction. 




To execute any gymnastic exercise — or any ex- 
ercise indeed of any kind in which strength is to 
be exerted, or benefit is to be derived from its 
performance — there must be a complete freedom 
of clothing. This simply means that a man must 
be stripped to his shirt and trousers, his neck 
open^ his liead bare and his sleeves rolled up to 
his elbows, and it is the essence of gymnastic ex- 
ercises, after the rudimentary lessons, that the 
efforts shall for the most part be brief and en- 
ergetic. 

It is quite essential to safety as well as to ad- 
vancement that the strictest order and propriety 
should be preserved in the gymnasium. 

Any disposition on the part of the learner to be 
inattentive and careless should be checked at 
once by the instructor. 

The essential points to be attained in construct- 
ing a gymnasium are: 

First — Ample space. 
Second, — Abundance of light. 
Third, — Pure air. 

A building or room 80 feet by 40 feet will af 



— 90 — 

ford an ample space for a gymnasium and Trill 
give abundant accommodations for a large school. 

Of course, I am speaking of large cities where 
economy of room is a consideration ; but in the 
suburbs, or in the country, where a greater 
space is available and a larger space can be pro- 
cured, so much the better. 

Abundant light is a weighty consideration, 
either for workshop, gymnasium or any other 
purpose ; it must be admitted to every part of the 
building to enable the pupils to see every particle 
of the apparatus distinctly^ so that no accidents 
on that score may happen, and it also contributes 
to the cheerful appearance of the building and 
gives encouragement to the pupils. 

The question of puro air is of essential im- 
portance. There is nothing more necessary to 
good health and health -giving exercise than pure 
air. Where there are a great number of per- 
sons exercising in a room, and particularly in the 
winter time when the building or room is heated 
and therefore closed, the atmosphere becomes im- 
pure, audit is therefore of the highest importance 



— 91 — 



that tne building should be thoroughly ventilated 
as often as possible. 

Pure air is imperative and necessary every- 
where, not only for the benefit of health, but also 
as a natural stimulant to physical exertions. 

In regard to the classification of the apparatus 
of the gymnasium, the distinction is very impor- 
tant. The system of exercising should be divided 
into two classes : 

First, — Those with movable apparatus used for 
the introductory course, in which the learner 
wields or lifts the article of apparatus, he himself 
standing. 

Second, — The exercises on the fixed apparatus, 
comprising the system where the learner himself 
moves or turns, the apparatus or machine being 
fixed or firm. 

In the first system or class for movable appar- 
atus, the floor should be perfectly free and firm, 
the apparatus, when not in use, should be ranged 
in racks for that purpose made along the wall. 

In the second system or class where the appar- 
atus is stationery or fixed, the floor should be 



— 92 — 



made of some soft^ elastic material and care^ 
fully kept free from all obstacles. 

One of the most important apparatus in a 
gymnasium is that which teaches men to clear ob- 
jects by running, vaulting or leaping, therefore 
considerable space is required, and as quite a 
number can exercise at a time, it is desirable that 
a long clear space be devoted exclusively to that 
purpose and kept free from all obstructions. 

Visitors should always be cordially invited to 
a gymnasium, for nothing serves more to stimulate 
the pupils than the presence of spectators, and 
there should in all properly constructed gymna- 
siums be a gallery devoted to that purpose. 

It is a noticeable fact that the presence of 
visitors assists in preserving proper order and 
decorum ; they should, however, see the impro- 
priety of mixing or in any manner interfering with 
the pupils during exercises. 



RULES & REGULATIONS 

FOR CONDUCTING A 

C3-Yls^2Sr-A.SIXJ]yC. 



1st, No pupil shall do any exercise without 
gymnastic belt and shoes. 

2nd. Every pupil shall hang up his clothes 
during exercise, and his belt and shoes after 
exercise, in the places appointed for those pur- 
poses. 

3rd. No pupil shall tie knots in the ropes, or 
displace in any way any portion of the appera- 
tus. 

4th. No pupil shall attempt any exercise which 
has been forbidden^ or shall do on one machine an 



— 94 — 



execrcise which properly belongs to another 
(such as jumping the railing, horses, &c. ) 

5th. No pupil shall attempt to use, or lift from 
the racks any clubs, bells, or bars, heavier llian 
those which have been allotted to him by the 
instructor. 

6th. The clubs, bells, or bars must be lifted 
from the hooks and placed in position at once, 
and not be rohed on the floor. 

7th. No pupil shall fence, or play single stick, 
without nis mask, jacket and gloves^ or thrust 
at another who is not so prepared. 

8th. No pupil shall use or displace another's 
belt, shoes, arms, mask, &c. 



APPARATUS 

REQUIRED FOR A GYMASroM. 



LIFTING. 

Indian clubs. Bar bells. 

Dumb bells. Pulley weights. 



LOCOMOTION. 

Walking and Running Track. Leaping Rope. 

Horizontal Beaj^l Leaping Pole. 

Vaulting Pole. Yaulting Bar. 







— 96 — 



Fixed Parallel Bars. The Trapeze. 
Movable Parallel Bars. 
Horizontal Bars. 
Elastic Ladder. 
Bridge Ladder. 
Inclined Ladder. 



Pair of Rings. 
Row OF Rings. 
Ladder Plank. 
Spring Board. 
Mattrass. 



CLIMBINS. 

Knotted Rope. Vertical RopEo 

Vertical Pole. Slanting Pole. 

Pair of Slanting Poles. Turning Pole. 
Pair of Vertical Poles. The Mast. 



QUOITS. 



iioits are iron rings, flat on one side and 
rounded on the other, with a sharp outer 
edge (Fig. 1.); their average weight is 
from six to ten pounds per pair. 

The game is played by pitching the quoits from a 




{riG. 1.) (Fig. 2.) 



distance at a short peg, technically termed the 
^^Hob." (Fig. 2. ) 

Two of these pegs or hobs are set in the ground 
at a distance of from eighteen to twenty yards 




— 99 — 



apart, the distance being entirely at the option of 
the players. 

Each player is armed with two quoits, and 
these they throw from hob to hob, trying, if possi- 
ble, to pitch them actually over the hob, so as to 
*^ring" it. 

The game is counted in the same way as in 
bowls, the usual number to play for being eleven. 

The mode of holding the quoit is shown in the 
accompanying illustration, (Fig. 3.) 

The flat side is held down- 
ward, the forefinger is placed 
in a small notch, which is 
to be found in all quoits, 
and the thumb and other fin- 
gers are held, as seen in the 
engraving. 

By means of the forefin- 
ger a spinning movement 
is given to the quoit, so as 
to enable it to fall with its 
edge downward. If prop- 
erly thrown, the quoit ought to pass through 




— 100 — 

the air whitout showing the slightest vibration, 
and wlien it falls it ought to strike in the ground 
at an angle of 45 degrees with its flat side to- 
ward the thrower. 

No correct play can be made until the 
art of holding and throwing steadily has been 
mastered. The best hob is made of hickory, as 
an n^on hob cuts the edges of the quoits to pieces 
if they strike it, and as a good player will be sure 
to strike the hob several times in a game, this 
damage must be prevented. 

There is no pleasure in playing with a ragged 
edge quoit, as it tears the hand and cannot be 
depended upon for setting fairly in the ground. 

When the hob is fixed, a hole should be made 
and the hob pressed into it until it is an inch at 
least below the surface. 

A white feather is then stuck into a httle hole 
in the head of the hob, and the players throw at 
the feather. Of course, a quantity of feathers 
should be kept. 

The ground should be carefully cleared of 
stones, and at each end a round hole, some six feet 



— 101 — 



in diameter and six inches deep, should be dug, 
and the space filled with clay. In the middle of 
the clay is the place for the hob. This clay 
^^end" should be always kept damp, and in dry 
weather it should be watered and occasionally 
relaid. 

The quoit is best aimed by holding it so as to 
look at the hob through it, and it should be thrown 
not from the elbow, but with a swing of the arm 
from the shoulder. 

The art of throwing it correctly cannot be ade- 
quately imparted on paper. It is not however 
difficult to learn from personal instruction. If 
the quoit be not thrown steadOy, that is, if it be a 
'^wabbler,'' it is apt to roll away from the pitch 
instead of striking into the ground, or worse 
still, to turn with the flat side up, in which latter 
case it is considered dead, and cannot be counted 
for the game. 

When only two are playing, the quoits are 
thrown from either hob alternately, the players 
following their quoits, and throwing them back- 
ward and forward; but when four play, it is custo- 



— 102 — 



mary for a pair of opponents to stand at eacb 
hobj and so make the same set of quoits do for 
both. 

This is a very interesting game for two or four — 
more cannot conveniently play at it. It has also 
one great recommendation, that the actual re^ 
suits of the game can never be known until the 
last quoit has been cast. 

Whatever the previous position of the game, a 
^ ^ringer " may change the whole aspect of affairs. 

As in bowls, each quoit that is in, " counts 
one to the game, and a ' • ringer " counts two, 
and, of course, cuts out all other quoits 
whatsoever. 



ARCHERY. 




fHE bow and arrow exercise has become 
recently one of the most popular pas- 
tunes, and deserves great encourage- 
ment. It is scarcely needful to say anj^thing in 
praise of it, as it is well understood that it ranks of 
the first order in outdoor recreations. It is now 
and always has been recognized as one the first 
sports of England, and is there considered quite 
an accomplishment. 

It is a very graceful and refined pastime, re- 
gardless of the benefits it imparts. 

It trains the eye, it induces an erect and grace- 
ful carriage, expands the chest and gives plenty 
of walking exercise without fatigue, and also has 
the advantage of being equally adapted to ladies 
or gentlemen. 



— 105 — 



THE EQUIPMENTS OF THE 
AB.CHEH. . 

• 

The Bow— The Self Bow. 

• 

The bows are of two kinds — the self hoio and 
the grafted boio. The sdf bow consists of either 
one piece of wood, or of two pieces dovetailed at 
the handles, in which latter case it is called a 
grafted boio. 

The self bow is by far the best. The best ma 
terialfor a self bow is yew; although a variety of 
other woodS; such as lancewood, hickory, &c. , are 
used. As it is but very rarely that a piece of 
yew can be obtained long enough for a bow of 
even quahty throughout, the grafted bow was 
invented, in order that the two limbs— being 
formed by splitting one piece of wood into two 
strips — may be exactly of the same nature. 

The backed bow consists of two or more strips 
of wood glued together in their length and com- 



— 106 — 



pressed so as . to insure a perfect union, the wood 
may be of the same or of different woods — for in- 
stance, of jew bacl^ed with yew, yew with hickory, 
lance wood, &c., but of all backed bows, the yew 
backed yew is the best. It has been the sub- 
ject of some consideration whether the self or the 
backed bows are best for shooting purposes. The 
very best authorities decide in favor of the self 
bow, although many prefer the backed bow. 



How to Choose a Bow. 
o 

In selecting a bow, you must see that it tapers 
gi:-adually from the handles to the horns, that the 
wood is straight, even grained and free from 
knots, the bow should be quite straight, and 
should be bent the way toward which it is in- 
clined. 

Beware of a bow which bends away from the 
string^ as it jars the arms, and causes your aim 
to be unsteadyj and if the string breaks, the bow 



— 107 — 

is apt to break also. See that both limbs are of 
equal strength, in which case they will describe 
equal curves; the handle should not be quite in 
the middle of the bow, but the upper edge of it 
should be a little above the centre, and above the 
handle a small piece of ivory or mother of pearl 
should be let in on the left side of the bow, in or- 
der to prevent the friction of the arrow wearing 
away the wood. 

See tliat there are no sharp edges on the 
notches of the horns of the bow; for, if they are not 
properly rounded off tliey will be continually cut- 
ting your string; lastly, make sure your bow is 
not beyond your strength. It is a very common 
practice for persons to choose very strong bows, 
under the idea that it gives the impression an-^. 
appearance of being perfect Samsons, but their 
ungainly struggles to bend the weapon and their 
utter failure are anything but dignified. 

The strength of the bow is usually calculated 
by the weight, that is, the weigiit it takes to bend 
the bow, until the centre of the string is 28 
inches for gentlemen and 25 inches for ladies' bows 



— 108 — 



from tlie handle; it is generally ascertained by 
suspending the bow by the handle from a small 
hand scale, while the string is drawn the required 
distance; gentlemen's bows generally range from 
fourty-eight pounds to fifty-six pounds, and 
ladies' from twenty-eight pounds to thirty-two 
pounds. 



How to Preserve the Bow. 

Many things will spoil a bow, which a little 
care and attention would prevent. Care should 
be taken not to scratch or bruise the bow. When 
shooting in damp weather, the bow — especially if 
a backed one — should be kept well wiped and 
perfectly dried with a waxed cloth before putting 
it away. 

A backed bow will always keep the better, if a 
little wrapping is placed around each end just bj 
the horn ; it prevents the bow from breaking, if by 
chance the glue is softened by damp. A bow should 



— 109— ' 

always be kept as dry as possible, and when going 
to shoot at a distance, a waterproof cover is ad- 
visable. Do not unstring the bow too often while 
shooting ; once in every six double ends is quite 
often enough, unless there are many shooters. 



The Arrow. 

• 

. There are two kinds of arrows. The 5eZ/ arrow 
and the footed arrow. The self arrow is made of 
one piece of wood, and the footed arrow is made 
with a hard piece of wood at the pile end. The 
latter is the best for several reasons, one being 
that it is not so hable to break, if it strikes 
anything hard. The best material for arrows is 
Ted deal, footed with lance wood. 



— 110 — 



How to Choose the Arrow 



The first thing to ascertain is whether it is quite 
straight, which is done by bringing the tips of the 
thumb and two first fingers of the left hand to- 
gether, and laying the arrow thereon, while it is 
turned around by the right hand. If it goes 
smoothly, it is straight, but if it jerks at all, it is 
crooked. Then make sure that it will stand the 
force of the bow without bending; if too weak, it 
will never fly straight. The pile or point should 
be what is called the square slioulderedpile; some 
prefer the sharp pile, but the other answers best 
for all pui'poses. The nock should be full and the 
notch pretty deep, a piece of horn should be let in 
the notch, to prevent the string from cutting the 
arrow. The feathers should be full sized, evenly 
and well cut, and inserted at equal distances from 
each other. There are three kinds of. arrows, 
the Bobtailed, Chested and Straight. 

Horace Ford, the champion sliot of England, 
decides in favor of the straight, and my readers 
cannot do better than take his advice. The arrow 



— Ill- 



should be carefully wiped each time it is picked 

up, as this not oiil}^ preserves it, but the least 
particle of dirt adhering to the pile will ef- 
fectually spoil the flight of the arrow. Every 
care should be taken to keep the feathers smooth 
and stiff; if attention be not paid to this point, 
everything else will be in vain ; should they by 
chance become ruffled, a little warming in front of 
a fire (not to close) will generally restore them 



The Bow String. 

The best dow strings are imported and are 
usually procured ready made; but should you wish 
to fit your own, I will say a few words about them. 
The string should not be too thin, or it will not last 
long ; in the selection of it it is best to be guided by 
the size of the notch of your arrows. At one end of 
it a strong loop should be worked to go over the 
upper horn, the other end should be left free 
in order to be fixed on the lower horn ; this is 



done with a peculiar loop; when the lower end is 
fastened, the distance between it and the loop at 
the other end should be such that when the loop 
is in its place and the bow strung, the string in 
a gentleman's bow is six inches, in a lady's five 
inches from the centre of the bow ; the string 
should be lapped for an inch above the nocking 
point and five inches below it with waxed thread, 
and this again with floss silk to such a thickness 
that it completely fills the notch of the arrow, but 
without being too tight or it may split it. Never 
trust a worn string, take it off at once and put 
on a new one; should it break, it would probably 
snap your bow. 

The Belt and Pouch. 



This is used for carrying the supply of arrows 
required in a match (three for use and one spare 
one), as also for hanging the tassel, &c. I would 
however recommend my gentlemen friends to dis- 



sus- 



pense with it, as it is always in the way, and the 
arrows can be carried far better in a pocket made 
diagonally in the right rear of the coat, so as to 
be convenient, but far enough back to escape the 
risk of the feathers being spoilt by the elbow rub- 
bing against them. 



The Grease Box. 


This is a little box, generally made of ivory, of 
such a shape as to hang from the belt. It is used 
for the purpose of holding the grease, which some 
archers use for anointing the string and their 
shooting-gloves, so as to get a better loose — the 
advantage of it is a matter of opinion. If used 
too freely, however, it causes the bow string to 
unravel. 



The Tassel. 

— -o— 

This is merely a large tassel of green worsted^ 
and is used for wiping the arrows, when they 
hnve stuck in the ground ; if a belt is not used, 
it should be hung from the button hole of the 
coat. It is an absolutely necessary part of the 
archer's outfit. 



The Bracer. 

o 

This is a guard for the left arm, to prevent it 
being abraded by the string when loosed; it also 
confines the sleeve and keeps it out of the way; it 
is made of smooth leather, and is fastened to the 
arm by straps. 



The Shooting Glove. 



It is used for protecting the fingers of the right 
hand from abrasion by the string when loosing, 



and consists of three linger guards attached to 
strips of leather, passing down the back of the 
hand to a strap fastened around the wrist. This 
form of glove lias however of late years gone oitf 
of use. Most archers prefer the independent 
guards or tips for each finger, generally fastened 
by means of rubber rings on the fingers. 



The driver, 

— ■ — 

This is a tin case somewhat in the shape of 
the quiver usually represented to form part of 
the equipment of Robin Hood and his band; it is 
not used as a part of the personal equipment of 
the archer but more for the purpose of protecting 
the spare arrows: it is made to hold from a dozen 
to three dozen arrows, and provided with a cover 
and lock to make all secure. 



The Target. 





It is made of straw, bound with striogs 
into an even rope, which is twisted upon itself 
until it forms a flat disc, and then covered on 
one side with canvas painted with five concentric 
rings, namely: gold or centre; red, blue or inner; 
white, black and white or outer. These rings 
should all be exactly of the same width, the target 
itself being four feet in diameter. In scoring, 
the following value is given to the rings: 

Gold .... 9 
Red ... 7 

Blue . . . .5 

Black ... 3 
White . . . . 1 

When the arrow strikes on the edge of two 
rings, the higher is counted, unless it is otherwise 
agreed upon. It is necessary to have two tar- 
gets, one at each extremity of the distance fixed 
upon, as it is not usual to shoot more than three 
arrows at each '-end'" — as it is called— walking 



over between each three to reclaim your arrows, 
and then shooting them back to the target you 
have just left. 

By this means the different muscles are brought 
mto play, those used while shooting are relaxed, 
and the muscles of the legs and body are brought 
into action^ which renders the pastime of archery 
so healthy. 

The stands for the targets are usually made of 
wood or iron, and somewhat resemble the easel 
of an artist. 



GEKERAL IKSTRUCTIOHS. 



The archer having procured his outfit— although 
I should advise him not to overburden himself 
with any unnecessary accessories as they will only 
be in the way — take your bow and four arrows, 
(three for use and one spare one in case of acci- 
dent), which he will put into his poucli or pocket, 
also his bracer, gloves or tips, tassel and a scor- 



— us- 



ing card; a spare string will also be prudent to 

have in the pocket. 

Anything more than this is unnecessary. 



Stringing tlie Bow. 

In stringing the bow, it is held by the handle 
by the right hand (flat side toward the body), 
with the lower horn resting on the ground against 
the hollow of the right foot; the left hand is then 
placed upon the upper part of the bow in such a 
manner that the base of the thumb rests upon the 
flat side of it, the tliumb pointing upward ; the 
bow is then bent by the combined action of the 
two hands, the right pulling, the left pressing it ; 
at the same time the loop of the string is slipped 
into its place by the left thumb and forefinger. 




Aechee's Position. 



— 121 — 



Position of the Aroher. 

■ 

It is difficult to determine exactly which is the 
best position for the archer. Every one natur- 
ally subsides into that which is most easy to him; 
the body, however, must be erect and carried 
easy on the hips, the feet slightly apart and the 
face and side turned toward the mark. Nothing 
looks worse than a stiff and constrained attitude. 



Nocking, Drawing and Loosing. 



Great care must be taken that the arrow fits 
exactly into the whipped portion of the string; if 
too thick or too thin it is apt to split the arrow; the 
bow being held by the handle in the left hand, let 
the arrow be placed vrith the right (over, not un-- 
der the string) on that part of the bow upon 
which it is to lie; the thumb of the left hand then 



— 122 — 



being placed gently over it, will serve to hold it 
under perfect command, and the forefinger and 
thumb of the right hand can then take hold of 
the nock end of the arrow, and manage it with 
the most perfect ease in any manner that may be 
required. 



Drawing. 

Having nocked the arrow, extend the left arm 
downward until it is perfectly straight, the hand 
grasping the handle of the bow, the arrow being 
held by the nocking end by the two first fingers 
of the right hand passed over the string, and on 
each side of the arrow. Raise the left arm slow- 
ly, still extended, until at right angles with the 
body, the string being drawn at the same time 
with the right hand until the arrow is drawn 
three-fourths of its length, when the right wrist 
and elbow should be about level with the shoul- 
der, which done, the archer must take aim before 
loosing. 



— 123 — 



Loosing, 



HaviDg drawn the arrow to its full extent, the 
object to be attained is to remove the obstruction 
of the fingers from the string suddenly, yet in 
such a manner that no jerk is given to the string 
(which would be fatal to the aim), the string 
should lie across the fingers at an equal distance 
from the tip of each, and the fingers must be all 
withdrawn at once and at the same instant. 

In aiming it is better to keep both eyes open 
and directed toward the target, instead of clos 
ing one eye, as is customary in rifle shooting. 
The archer will seldom be able to aim direct'y at 
the gold or centre, he will have to make allow- 
ance, in almost every instance, for the variation, 
caused by the wind, &c. This cannot be taught, 
the archer will learn by experience where on 
the target the proper point of sight lies, and will 
learn to aim accordingly. 

Although the action of drawing, aiming and 
loosing have been described separately, no per- 
ceptible pause should be between them, they 



— 124 — 



should all appear to form a part of the same 
movement. 

In concluding this subject I hope 1 have suc- 
ceeded in making myself perfectly intelligible to 
my readers, and trust these hints may be of some 
service to them. Although I have quoted from 
the best authorities, it must be borne in mind 
^ that practice makes perfect," and that you 
cannot succeed in any of these exercises without 
some effort on your part, as it is sometimes diffi- 
cult to explain that which is not easily learnt 
even by example. 



MUSCULAR TRAINING. 





bis highly important branch of physical 
education requires the strictest attention of 
the amateur. During the course of train- 
ing he should be cautious in the commencement 
not to exercise with heavy dumb bells or clubs 
beyond his ability, and particularly avoid lifting 
heavy weights or performing diflScult evolutions 
on any gymnastic apparatus, such as climbing 
the ladder hand over hand, jumping on the 
spring board, or any of those violent or laborious 
exercises, which would tend more to exhaust the 
vitality than to develop strength. The exercises 
should graduate from the most simple move- 
ments with a light pair of clubs or dumb bells 
to the complicated evolutions, described in an- 
other part of this book, taking care in the be- 
ginning not to overtax the muscles or break 
down the svstem by any over-exertion, which, by 




Stbikeng Bag Exeecisb. 



— 127- 



carelessness or indiscretion, may be apt to do am 
irreparable damage, gentle perseverance will do 
more than any exertion that overtrains the body. 



THE STRIKING BAG. ■ 

— ■ — 

One of the most useful accessories to muscular 
training, after the pupil has advanced a little, is 
the Striking Bag." It is an arrangement that 
can be gotten up at a trifling expense, and is in- 
valuable ; it accompUshes a great deal, and its 
results are as positive as any exercise that can be 
suggested. It consists of a strong canvas bag 
about three feet long, with the capacity of about 
two bushels, filled with well-dried sawdust 
tightly pressed, the bag to be suspended by a 
rope from a hook in the ceiling in such a 
manner that the bottom should reach about 
twelve inches below the chin. Take a position in 
front of it, strike out right and left, punch, 
pummel, dance, skip and dodge around it as if 
you were punishing an enemy, and he getting the 
worst of it. 



— 128 — 



The Striking Bag exercise is an excellent 
one for both hands as well as the entire body. 
It imparts a vital tone to the system, excites the 
blood and stirs the languid pulse, and, if per- 
severed in, will bring back the color of health to 
many a faded cheek. 

, 

In conclusion, the author begs to say — as this is 
his first book and probably his last — that he has 
written it in the pure spirit of serving humanity, 
and to promote the good and welfare of his fellow- 
beings. It is his heartfelt desire to stimulate in the 
minds of the rising generation that inclination for 
innocent pastime and manly amusement in the 
form of a series of attractive and simple athletic 
exercises. This book, it must be admitted, is not 
written for professionals, but for amateurs and 
beginners. 

The author has endeavored to avoid all tech- 
nical phraseology and has confined himself tc 
plain language, and he has also suggested such 
apparatus that is simple, inexpensive, not com 
plicated, and within the reach of all classes. 



12 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 



Payne's Social Letter Writer.— a complete s^uide 

and assistant for polite correspondence. Contain- 
ing rules and directions for writing" on various sub- 
jects, together with specimen letters on Friendship, 
Relationship, Love, Congratulation, Condolence, 
Favor, Advice, Travel, etc. By F. M. Payne, author 
of Payne's Business Letter Writer, and Commercial 
F(.rms, Rules of order, &c. Boards, with cloth back. 
Price, 50 cts. Cloth, gilt. Price 75 cts. 




The Popular Recitation Series.— Containing 

64 pages (double column) of the choicest selections in prose 



and poetry for individual speakers, with the novel and attrac- 
tive addition ( f a complete comedietta or farce in each number 

No. I contains play " Turn Him Out," 8 characters. 

No. 2 " " ''Box and Cox," 5 " 

No, 3 " " " Lend me Jrive Shillings, "..10 " 

No. 4 " " " To Oblige Benson," 6 " 

No. 5 " "That Rascal Pat," 5 

No. 6 " " My Turn Next," 7 " 

N^o. 7 " " " A Kiss in Lhe Dark," 5 " 

No. 8 " '* " A Regular Fix," 10 " 

No. 9 *' '' " Who Speaks First?" 5 

No. 10 " " "A Morning Call," 2 * " 

No. II " " Poor Pillicoddy," 5 " 

No. 12 " " "One iouchof Nature," 5 " 

No. " " " Betsy Baker," 5 " 

No. 14 " '* " Loan of a Lover," 7 " 

Price 10 cents each, by mail 12 cts. 



Rapid Reckoning. -System of the Famous " Light- 
ning Calculator," whose exhibitions seemed almost miraculous ; 
any one can learn and apply ; valuable to clerks, bookkeepers, 
teachers and business men. It is not a " table-book," but the 
art of performing arithmetical calculations with almost instant- 
aneous speed by processes fully taught and easily learned by 
this book. Price 25 cts. 



KAnyilQ A Ritual of the First Three 
MyPfiyd^ Degrees of Masonry, being an 

authentic and reliable v/ork of the. I£nte?-t'ti Apprentice, Fellow 
Craft, and Master Mason's Degrees, and their Ceremonies, 
Lectures, etc., etc. Com.piled from the works of Pythagoras, 
Herodotus, and Plato, and carefully compared with Rites and 
Ceremonies of Modern Freemasons, by G. Kadmus. Illus- 
trated by the Mystic Star, and several sections of the ancient 
Egyptian Lab^'rinth. Adopted for modern use by W. Senior, 

Jr. 200 pages, cloth gilt. Price 5^1.50 

',eather cover, pocket-book style. Price $2.00 



^ POPULAR PUBLICATIONS, 9 




Billy Edward's Art of Boxing? and Manual 
of Athletic Training. - niustrated. 

J ^ The illustrations are from Instantdneous Photo- 

graphs of the two champion light-weight boxers 
of the world in their day, (in a set-to especially 
arranged for this work), and are acknowledged 
to be the best set ever produced. The book can- 
not fail to find favor with every Athlete and 
Athletic Club throughout the country. 

Board cover, cloth back, Price 50 cts. 

Cloth gilt, Price 75 cts. 

The lyianly Art of Se?f-Defence.-By Ned 

^Donnelly, Professor of Boxing to the London Athletic Club. 
With 40 instructive engravings, and Marquis of Queensbury 
and London Prize Ring Rules, A man is no less a good cit- 
izen because he knov/s how to guard his life without a dagger 
or a revolver. Also, A Complete Manual on Training, by 
John Goulding. Together with ail the remarkable pedestrian 
records up to the present day. Large i2mo, paper cover, 
Price 25 cts. 

The Art ©f Training Animals.— a complete 

manual, giving all the secrets and mysteries of the craft, and 
showing how ail circus tricks, and all feats of all animals — from 
elephants to fleas — are accomplished. It also has an improved 
system of horse and colt breaking, training sporting dogs, care 
and tuition of song, talking and performing birds, snake charm- 
ing, bee taming, and many other things, making a large, hand- 
some volume of over 200 pages and 60 illustrations. Paper 
cover. Price 50 cts. 

Diseases of Dogs.— Their pathology, diagnosis and 
treatment ; to which is added a complete dictionary of canine 
materia medica. A practical guide for every dog owner. 
Tells how to prevent as well as to cure diseases, and gives 
much information on care and management of dogs. 
Price .25 cts. 

Guide to Dog Training.— The following briefly 
gives an idea of the contents : Watch dogs, their selection and 
value ; shepherd dogs, different kinds, and their respective 
merits and defects, their rearing and training. Price... 25 cts. 

Hunters' and Trappers' Practical Guide. 

— Is practical to all kinds of game, making and using traps, 
snares and nets, baits and baiting, trailing game, preserving, 
dressing, tanning and dyeing the skins and furs ; season for 
trapping ; hints to trappers, fire hunting, pigeon catching, 
camping out ; sporting vocabulary, recipes for sportsmen, 
secret of successful fishing. Price ....20 cts. 



POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 



II 




Hoy le's Games.— a new and complete authority on all 
games as played at this present time, 
it includes all the Card Games, Chess, 
Checkers, Dominoes, Backg-ammon, 
Dice, Billiards, Base-Ball, and all other 
' held g-ames. This is the best book for 
settling disputes or wagers, being re- 
cognized as the modern standard author- 
ity. Containing 530 pages. Bound in 
paper cover. Price, 50 cts. Boards, 
Price, 75 cts. Cloth, i6mo. Price, $1.00 

Hoffmann's Tricks with Cards. -Containing 

all the Modern Tricks, Diversions, and Sleight of Hand Decep- 
tions, with descriptive diagrams. Large octavo volume con- 
taining 142 pages, with handsome cover. Boards 50 cts. 

In paper covet 25 cts. 

Byron's Modern Bartender's Guide, or 
How to Mix Fancy Drinks.— a new 

and thoroughly reliable work on the correct 
method of mixing fancy drinks, as they are served 
to-day at the principal bar rooms of New York 
and other leading cities of the Union With this 
work any bartender can become an expert in a 
very short time. To which is added receipts for 
making all kinds of bitters. Cordials and oyrups. 
Concentrated Fruit Syrups, Fruit Brandies, Fruit 
Wines, Liquors, Mineral Waters. Table Beers, 
Ciders, Brandies, Temperance Drinks, etc , etc. 
Bound in full cloth, gilt, price, 75 cts. A hand- 
some illustrated paper cover. Price 50 cts. 

The Poker Primer.— This Manual contains all the 
needed instruction in this distinctively American game. The 
rules are so clear that they require no effort lo understand, and 
the student of the book may confidently trust himself to its 

guidance. Paper cover. Price. 10 cts. 

The Whist Player; by Pole & Cavendish.— This little 
^^^^^p^ volume contains everything of interest relating 
L^]gM| ra to the game of Whist, contained in the works of 
r^^M^ II the two recognized authorities on the game, with 
other explanatory- and illustrative matter. _ The 
rules of the game, choice of leads, art of signal- 
ling, etc., are all fully discussed, and clearly set 
forth. 

Full cloth gilt. Price 50 cts. 

Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

The Checker Primer.— a complete and reliable 
hand-book on the very interesting game of Draughts or 
Checkers, with descriptive diagrams, problems, etc. 
Price 10 cts 





POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 



Burdett's Irish Dialect Recitations and 

^^...-r— ^ ''^■^■'^=>^ Readings. — This new coUec- 

^^t^ ^^^^ Irish sketches, in prose 
A J''< A\ I r verse, arranged for public rep- 
/y^!^ mliNh resentation, embraces the most 
\ ^Hl|r%k^Wl sparkling Irish wit, set forth with the 
>j irresistible humor of Irish brogue. 
» . V |pf ^ Besides the new and original pieces 
/iinff a — never before published in book form, 
HK'-f fJ^ i^^^ ^^^^ volume brings together all of 
ffl^^ --B^^^ ^^k most popular Irish dialect read- 
ings and recitations of the time. It 
pS^z-^^ili^L^l^i^^ ^ |vL contains the gleanings from the 
whole field of Irish drollery. No 
other book of the kind equals it for brilliancy and fun. 
Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's Dramatic Recitations and 

Readings* — Compiled and arranged for Reading, Speak- 
ing, Recitation, and Elocutionary Exercises. Paper cover. 
Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's Heroic Recitations and Read- 
ings. — A carefully compiled collection of original extracts 
in prose and poetry, for the use of Schools, Colleges, and 
Public Readers, Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's French and Yankee Dialect 
Recitations and Readings.— This comprises the 

most amusing illustrations of French, English and Yankee 
dialect. Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's Select Recitations and Read- 
ings, an Prose and Poetry.— For the use of 

Schools, Colleges, and Public Readers. 500 pages. i2mo. 
Cloth. Price $1.00 

Burdett's Pathetic Recitations and 

Readings. — A careful compilation of new and original 
pieces, especially adapted for Reading and Speaking. 176 
pages. Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's World of Humor.— This novel compi- 

?ation is made to meet the wants of the many who are always 
searching for the Latest and most popular gems of Humor. It 
comprises all the best pieces in the different dialects as follows: 
Yankee, Irish, French, Dutch and Negro. Containing 500 
|:ages, bound in cloth, with characteristic design in black and 
gold stamps. Price. , $i.so 



POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 




Warch^s Original Dlalcgues and Speech- 
es for Wee Tots.— Comprising a 
variety of short speeches and dialogues 
suitable to children Ir m three to ten 
years old, and adapted to public an 1 pri- 
vate exhibitions, school anniversaries, 
and other entertainments. The ai;n lias 
also been, to make the exercises ; u ihe 
most interesting and enlivening n.iture, 
thereby elicitmg the scholars' utmost 
endeavor, and creating anew a desire on 
their part for the betterment of them 
selves and of the school. The exercises 
will be found to be brief, characterized 
by good taste, and pervaded throughoLit 
by a pure, moral tone. 

Boards 35 cts. 

Paper cover 25 cts. 

Duntear'a Complete Hand-Book of Eti- 

CfUette. — This work presents, in a clear 
and intelligible manner, the whole art and 
philosophy of Etiquette. Among the con- 
tents are : Bodily Deportment, Speak Gram- 
matically, Self-respect, Pedantry, Social 
Characters, Traveling, Useful Hints on 
Conversation, Forms of Invitation, Letters of 
Introduction, Bridal Etiquette, Ballroom 
Etiquette, etc., etc. Bound in Boards, cloth 
back. Price 50 cts. 

Wllford's Original Dialogues and Speech- 
es for Young Folks.— Being by far ihe 
most complete of its kind ever issued. Thi; 
work supplies that palpable need, which has sc 
long been evident in books of this class, that 01 
Dialogues and 6>^<?r>^i?i- adapted to the na ures 
of children. This work contains 19 Original 
Dialogues and 53 Speeches, especially adapted 
for children between the ages of 5 and 12 years. 
160 pages. 

Paper ^ovcr, Price 25 cts. 





POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 



Jenny June's Practical Cook Book. 

—An established favorite in tho^sands of 
families. The recipes in it are all the result 
of practical experience, and there is beside a 
useful chapter of recipes for dishes of Hebrew 
families. Containing 1200 choice and carefully- 
tested receipts, embracing all the popular 
dishes and the best results of modern science 
reduced to a simple and practical form. 
Cloth, $1.00. Illustrated. 

Gunsmith's Manual.— This work covers descrip- 
tions of guns and pistols, fitting up a shop, general gunsmith- 
ing; taking apart, cleaning, and putting together; tools re- 
quired ; how to make tools ; the work-bench ; working in iron, 
steel, copper, brass, silver and wood ; gun-stocks, gun-barrels, 
tools for breeching guns, tools for chambering breech-loading 
barrels, etc., etc. 400 pages, with numerous engravings, dia- 
grams and plates. Price $2.00 

The Watch and How to Repair It.-Con- 

tains instructions on adjustment of main-spring, escapement, 
passing hollow and guard pin ; horizontal watches, end stones, 
new escape wheels, facing pinion, conical pivots, selection, 
polishing and mounting wheels to lever watches ; frosting, 
snailing, forms of teeth of wheels, crown wheels, defects of 
watches, and a most useful set of tables of verge watch trains 
in reference to their conversion to levers. A very useful book. 
57 Illustrations. 250 pages. Cloth. Price §1.00 

Common Sense Cook Book.— Containing plain 

directions for all the dishes usually placed on a well-ordered 
American table, from soup to dessert, with a number of desir- 
able novelties, to which is appended a chapter on beverages, 
food for infants, etc., etc., by a veteran cook. Price 25 cts. 

Secrets Worth Knowing.— a guide to the man- 
ufacture of hundreds of useful and salable articles, including 
patent medicines, perfumerj^ toilet and dental articles, and 
many others easily made at trifling cost ; selling readily at 
large profit. Price 25'cts. 

Phonographic Hand- Book.— For seif-instmc- 

tion in the modern improved system, used by practical re- 
porters in the courts of law, and on the newspapers. It unites 
simplicity with thoroughness, and is the best work for begin- 
ners. Price ....=... 25 cts. 




POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 




Excelsior Recitations and Readings. 



Being a new and carefully compiled selectiof Df 
Humorous Dramatic, Sentimental, Patriotic, 
Eloquent, Pathetic and Dialect pieces, in prose 
and poetry. Designed and arranged for public 
and parlor recitation and reading. Great care 
has been taken in the preparation of this SerIes, 
the chief aim Ras been to insert seleciions espe- 
cially adapted for public or private recital. 
IVos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 ready. Each number con- 
tains 176 pages. 

Paper cover, price 25 cts. each. 



Haney's Exhibition Dialogues.— a large col- 
lection of two, three and four-part pieces of a spirited descrip- 
tion—carefully freed of the extravagance which characterizes 
so many school pieces. Paper. Price 25 cts. 

Excelsior Selections.— a collection of the most 

popular and successful readings and recitations 
adapted for public or parlor entertainments. 
Besides the Neiu and Original pieces never 
before published in permanent form, this 
volume brings together many of the best sel- 
ections of humorous, dramatic, sentimental, 
patriotic, eloquent, pathetic and dialect pieces 
m prose and poetry. It is the nezL'est and 
handsomest book of its kind ever published. 
Bound in elegant cloth, with gold back and 
side stamps, and red burnished edges, contain- 
ing 500 pages. Price $1.00 




Infant Star Speaker.— a collection of choicest 

speeches for little speakers, adapted to different styles and 
abilities. A valuable feature of this book is the instruction on 
training and managing the little speakers, and how to make the 
most effective appearance at school receptions and exhibitions. 
Price 25 cts. 

.The Elite Letter Writer.— a comprehensive as- 
sistant and instructor in correspondence on all the occasions of 
social life. Containing Model Letters, Hints on Punctuation, 
etc., etc. 128 pages. Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Impromptu Speaker. 

— This is not a collection of set speeches, but guides the speak- 
er in making his own. To point out the requirements of all 
ordinary occasions of impromptu speech making, and to afford 
such aid as may be useful, are" the aims of this little treatise. 
Price .25 cts. 



POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 





CuShing'S Manual.— Revised Edition, with Addi- 
tions and Corrections. No one who wishes to 
take part in the proceeding's of any organized 
body can afford to do without the help of this 
little volume ; knowledge of its contents alone 
is a valuable education, and the price is so mod- 
erate that no one need deprive himself of its 
teachings. Also containing the Constitution of 
the United States and Declaration of Independ- 
ence. Containing 200 pages. 

Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Cloth gilt. Price 50 cts. 

The Standard Hoyle. 

— A new and complete au- 
thority on all games as played 
at this present time. It in- 
cludes all the Card Games, 
Chess, Checkers, Dominoes, 
: Backgammon, Dice, Billiards, 
^'Base-Ball, and all other field 
games. This is the best book 
for settling disputes or wagers, 
being recognized as the modern standard authority. Con- 
taining 530 pages. 

Bound in paper cover, Price 50 cts. 

Boards. Price 75 cts. Cloth, lamo. Price $i«So 

Payne's Rules of Order. An ABC Guide to Par- 
liamentary Law and the Transaction of Public Business; 
showing also how to Properly Organize and Conduct Public 
Meetings, Societies, Associa'tions, Clubs, Unions, etc., etc., 
K>f every kind ; and containing instructions to Presidents, 
Secretaries, Treasurers and Committeemen as to their duties, 
as well as the official forms of Reports, Resolutions, etc. 160 
pages, paper cover, 30 cts. Cloth, price 50 cts. 

Painter's Manual, 

-A complete practical guide to house and 
sign painting, graining, varnishing, polish- 
ing, kalsomining, papering, lettering, stain- 
ing, gilding, glazing, silvering, analysis of 
colors, harmony, contrast, philosophy, the- 
ory, and practice of color, principles of 
glass staining, etc. Including a new and 
valuable treatise on How to Mix Paints. 
Price 50 cts 




POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 



Josh Hayseed's Adventures in New York. 

— Illustrated by numerous engravings 
expressly made for this work by Mr. 
Harry Coultaus, the eminent Caricaturist 
on ''Life." There is a World of Fun in 
Uncle Josh's Adventures in the Great 
Empire City. Containing 128 pages, large 
octavo. 




^ Price. 



.25 cts. 




Brother Jonathan's Jokes, Funny Sto- 
ries, and Laughable Sketches.— The funniest 

book ever published." Illustrated with humorous engravings. 
An everlasting encyclopedia of wit and humor, "sure cure'' 
for the most aggravated attack of the " blues." 
Price 10 cts. 

Anrierican Humor or What We Laugh At. 

^ — A collection of original Sells. Laughable 

Sketches and Funny Jokes, being the most com- 
plete collection of original wit and humor pub- 
lished. Edited by the Popular Humorist, Alex. 
J. Brown. 64 large pages. Illustrated with a very 
humorous lithograph cover. 

Postpaid, Price 10 cts. 

Capital Jokes and Travelers' Yarns.— 

Containing a rich and rare collection of the very best American 
humor, consisting of excruciating Jokes, horrible Sells, killing 
Anecdotes, uproarious Poems, Conundrums, and End Men's 
Gags. It contains 64 pages, double column. Size is 8 x 6 in- 
ches, and illustrated with mirth-provoking engravings. 
Price. 10 cts. 

Drummers' Yarns, or Fun on the 

Road."— This is not a book of stale, ancient humor, but 
is a new and original collection of funny Stories, Anecdotes, 
Jokes, and laughable Sells, as told by our Commercial Trav- 
elers. Price 10 cts. 

Fun Everlasting.— A large collection of choice 
humorous Stories, Jests, Puns, Witticisms, etc., which will 
afford hearty laughter, the whole illustrated by numerous 
comic engravings. 

Price 10 cts. 



POPULAR PUBLBCATIONS. 




The Candy Maker. , ^ . 

— A Practical Guide to the Manufacture of 
the various kinds of Plain and Fancy Candy. 
The fullest directions are given for getting 
up the most exquisitely beautiful looking 
candies, as well as the most alluring to the 
palate ; while equal attention is given to all 
the plainer kinds, so universally liked by the 
"little ones." Every Direction, every Re- 
cipe, every Concoction of which Sugar, Spice, 
and Essence are the ingredients, is given in 
such a plain way that a child can understand 
them. Large i2mo. Price 50 cts. 

Rowton's Complete Debater. 

— Containing nine complete Debates, Out- 
lines of Debates, and 108 questions for De- 
bate. The most perfect work of its kind 
published, and especially adapted to Literary 
and Debating Societies. No person should 
be without this great literary work. We are 
sure that those who purchase copies will de- 
clare it well worth ten times the amount 
spent. 

Containing over 200 pages. 

Boards, Price „ 50 cts. 

Cloth, Price 75 cts. 

Byrne's Log-Book and Ready-Reckoner is 

the most concise, complete and correct 
work ever issued. Among its contents 
will be found tables arranged to show 
values from one-sixteenth of a cent 
each upwards ; tables of board, scant- 
ling and plank measure ; logs reduced 
to board measure ; round timber when 
squared ; also spars and other timber. 
Wages and board by the week, in- 
terest tables, etc., etc. By Oliver 
Byrne, Civil, Military and Mechanical 
Engineer. 

Boards 35 cts. 

Bad Memory Made Cood, and Good 

Made Better.— Shows how a wonderful power of me- 
mory may be acquired by a simple art readily, and enables its 
possessor to achieve feats incomprehensible to those ignorant 
of the secret. 

Price , 15 cts. 





POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 



Brudder Gardner's Stump Speeches 
and Comic Lectures.— Con- 

taining the best hits of the leading 
Negro dehneatcrs of the present day, 
comprising the most amusing and side- 
splitting contribution of oratorical ef- 
fusions which have ever been pro- 
duced to the public. The newest and 
best book of Negro comicalities pub- 
lished. i6o pages. Bound in illuminat- 
ed paper covers. Price 25 cts. 




^rechen^Sie Deis tsch 

German at a Glance.— a new system on the 

most simple principles, for universal self-tuition, with English 
pronunciation of every w^ord. By this system any person can 
become proficient in the German language in a very short 
time. It is the most complete and easy method ever pub- 
ished. By Franz Thimm. 

(Revised edition.) Bound in boards, cloth back 35 cts. 

Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Parlez-Vous Franca is? 

French at a Glance.— Uniform, and arranged 

the same as " German at a Glance," being the most thorough 
and easy s^^stem for self-tuition. (Revised and corrected by 
Prof. M. Gauthier.) 

Bound in boards, cloth back 35 cts. 

Bound in paper cover, Price 25 cts. 

i Habla V. Espanol 1 

Spanish at a Glance.- a new system for self- 
tuition, arranged the same as French and German, being 
the easiest method of acquiring a thorough knowledge of the 
Spanish language. 

(Revised edition.) Bound in boards, cloth back 35 cts. 

Bound in paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Parlate ItalianoJ 

Italian at„a Glance.— Uniform in size and style 
w^ith German, Jc^rench and Spanish, being the most simple 
method of learning the Italian language. 
(Revised edition.) Bound in boards, cloth back. Price. .35 cts. 
Bound in paper cover, Price 25 cts. 



POPULAR PUBLICATIONS. 




Burdett's New Comic Recitations and 
Humorous Readings.— a new volume ot 

comic and humorous selections, compiled by the 
celebrated humorist, James S. Burdett, many of 
which have never before been published in book 
form. In addition to the new and original pieces 
here contained, this book has the advantage of 
bringing together into one volu7ne all of the ver>' best 
selections of a comic nature which have hitherto 
attained a wide popularity through the public rep- 
resentations of the most renowned humorists (jf 
the day. It is the newest, handsomest,and choicest 
book of its kind. Price 25 ctsi 

Burdett's Serio-Comic Recitations and 

Readings.— A miscellaneous collection of Burdett's latest 
and most successful pieces in prose and poetry. 160 pages. 
Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's Shakesperean Recitations 

and Readings.— Consisting of choice readings and 
scenes from Shakespeare, adapted to amateur and professional 
recital. Illustrated paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Burdett's Dutch Dialect Recitations and 

Readings. — This collection of amusing and 
laughable recitations embraces all the newest and 
most successful pieces, original and selected, with 
which the celebrated reader, James S. Burdett, iiv- 
variably "brings down the house." Containing 9^ 
original and selected gems of Humorous Germaft 
dialect pieces in prose and poetry. 
i6mo., 160 pages. 

Price 25 cts^ 

Burdett's Patriotic Recitations and 

Readings.— A carefully compiled /Collection of Patriotic 
Recitals, designed and arranged for public or parlor reading. 
Paper cover. Price 25 cts. 

Bur^tt's Negro Dialect Recitations and 

Humorous Readings.— Containing the 
latest and best hits c- Jiodem Negro Minstrelsy, 
being by far the most perfect book of its kind 
ever published. Comprising 65 of the ver\^ be^ 
gems of Negro dialect in prose and poetry. 15* 
pages. Illustrated paper cover. 

Price 25 cts. 





German at a Glancef 

A new system, on the most simple principles, fo 
tTtiiversal Self-Tuition, with English pronunciation o 
every word. By this system any person can become pro- 
ficient in the German language in a very short time. Ifc 
is the most com^plete and easy method ever published. By 
Eranz Thimm. (Revised Edition.) 

Bound in paper cover, - - . price 25c. 
B ound In boards^ with cloth back, - price 35c. 

French at a Glance. 

Uniform and an-anged the same as " German at l 
Glance/^ being the most thorough and easy system for 
Self-Tuition. (Re\dsed Edition.) 

BBand in paper cover, - price 25c. 

Bound in boards, cloth bacic, - - price 35c. 

Spanish at a Glance. 

A new system for Self-Tuition, arranged the same 
as French and German, bv.lng the easiest method of ac- 
quiring' a thorough knowledge of the Spanish language. 
(Eevised Edition.) 

Bound in paper cover, - price 25c. 

Bound in boards, cioth back, - - price 35c. 

Italian at a Glance. ^ 

Uniform in size and style with German, French, and 
Spanish, being the most simple method of learning the 
Italian language. ( Revised Edition. ) 

1 Bound In paper cover, - - - price 25c. 
Bound in boards, cSotb back, - - price 35c. 



For gale by all Booksellers or will be sent, postpaid, on receipt of price. 

EXCELSIOR PUBLISHING HOUSE, 
P. O, Box: 1144, 2? and 31 Beekmaa St., "^ew York, K.l^ 



